Class Jigsaw Notes, Socials 30/33

The Young Plan

·         Written in 1929, adopted in 1930

·         Presented by Owen D. Young

·         Put into effect after the Dawes Plan proved unsuccessful

·         Reduced to necessary payments to $112 Billion Gold Marks ($18 Billion US)

·         Payments to be made over 59 years.

·         All governments accepted this plan, but many right-wing German Politian’s (ex. Hitler) criticized it.  

British Foreign Policy

·         Wanted to maintain international empire, yet avoid European conflicts

·         The Brits thought that no global conflict could justify another war

·         Widespread opposition to rearmament (1920-30)

·         Bickering w/ France turned GB more pro-German, saw them as victims of Treaty of Versailles

·         During Hitler’s rise British gov’t accused of appeasing him, not being harsh enough to Germany’s actions

·         Partly because British economy relied on trade

Kellogg Briand Pact

-A treaty that attempted to outlaw war.

-Drafted by France and the US-August 27, 1928..15 nations signed

-By 1933, 65 nations had signed

Two Principle Articles

1)      Contracting parties condemned recourse to war for the solution of international controversies, renounced it(war) as an instrument of national policy in their relations with one another

2)      Parties agreed that the settlement or solution of all disputes or conflicts of whatever nature or of whatever origin that may be, which may arise between them, shall never be sought except by pacific means.

War Outlawed excepts for self-defense

Failure: NO Sanctions (loopholes made treaty inefficient method for outlawing war)

The Little Entente

·         A political and military alliance formed in 1920 and 1921 by Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Yugoslavia

·         Purpose of alliance was to ensure that Austria-Hungary would not restore after their dissolution after the first World War

·         Agreements between each other encouraging economic cooperation

·         The alliance was backed by France, who had an alliance with Czechoslovakia

·         Alliance was destroyed in 1938 when the Munich Pact delivered the Sudetenland (a part of Czech) to Germany

Problems in the British Economy

·         Many strikes, especially in the coal industry

·         High unemployment

·         High inflation

·         Challenged as other countries industrialized

·         British industry was becoming outdated

Dawes Plan

v  Provide that the Ruhr area be evacuated by Allied occupation troops,

v  That the reparation payment should begin at 1 billion marks for the first year and should rise over a period of four years to 2.5 billion marks per year

v  That the German Reichsbank be reorganized under Allied supervision and that the sources for the reparation money should include transportation, excise and custom taxes

v  The plan went into effect in Sept. 1924

v  Although German business the picked up and reparation payments were made promptly, it became obvious that Germany could not long continue those huge annual payments.

v  As a result Young Plan was substituted in 1929